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Acknowledgments

This online database is the 4th edition of Content Knowledge, a work that first began as a series entitled The Systematic Identification and Articulation of Content Standards and Benchmarks, first published in April 1993. A study as ambitious as this one is always the product of the hard work and creative insight of a number of individuals. The following individuals had major responsibilities for the current online edition:

John Kendall is responsible for the conceptual design of the research underlying the development of the standards and benchmarks, topics, vocabulary, and knowledge/skill statements. He is also responsible for the technical design, quality control, and implementation of that research.

Nathalie Bleuzé shared major responsibility for the revision of standards and benchmarks in mathematics and economics, and for citations in civics.

Keri DeFrees shared major responsibility for the development of prekindergarten benchmarks in science. She shared major responsibility for the development of knowledge/skill statements in behavioral studies, civics, science, technology, and life skills.

Kathleen Flynn shared major responsibility for the  synthesis of prekindergarten benchmark in the language arts.

Heather Hoak shared major responsibility for performance expectations, benchmark revisions, citation updates, and linked assessment items in language arts.

Megan Odum shared major responsibility for updating benchmarks and identifying alignments with the Common Core State Standards for mathematics.

Courtney Pollack synthesized benchmarks, knowledge/skill statements, vocabulary, and topics for college readiness content in mathematics.

Amy Richardson shared major responsibility for career education standards and updated benchmarks in technology. She shared major responsibility for the development of knowledge/skill statements in the arts, civics, foreign language, health, physical education, technology, and life skills; for the development of knowledge/skill statements and topics in health education, agricultural education, and family/consumer sciences. She also identified performance expectations in grades 3-5 mathematics.

Susan Ryan shared major responsibility for the development of knowledge/skill statements for history and for the career education standards, and knowledge/skill statements and topics for arts and communication and business education. She also identified performance standards for grades 6–8 language arts. She has updated benchmarks and associated content for English language arts and reviewed alignments with the Common Core State Standards for ELA.

Lisa Schoch-Roberts shared major responsibility for the identification of standards and benchmarks in physical education and for the revision of standards and benchmarks in United States and world history for an earlier report.

Amitra Schwols shared major responsibility for updating benchmarks and identifying alignments with the Common Core State Standards for mathematics, for performance statements in K–2 and 6–8 mathematics, and for the development of knowledge/skill statements and topics in health education and engineering education, as well as the update of benchmarks for engineering education.

Chris Snyder shared major responsibility for the development of knowledge/skill statements for the language arts and history. She has shared responsibility for the revision of standards and benchmarks in the English language arts, foreign language, and history.

Jennifer Tuzzeo shared major responsibility for benchmarks, knowledge/skill statements, vocabulary, and topics for college readiness content in language arts. She contributed to the update of citations in language arts and to linked assessment items in economics and geography.

Shelly Wasson shared major responsibility for the identification of standards and benchmarks in science, health, the arts, and foreign language, for additions to the section on life skills, for the verification of standards and benchmarks in geography, and for document preparation.

Sandra Weeks shared major responsibility for revised benchmarks and linked assessment items in science.

Jill Williams shared major responsibility for the revision of benchmarks in mathematics, the development of prekindergarten benchmarks for mathematics, and the development of knowledge/skill statements and assessment item links for mathematics.

Contributors

Alan Alpert shared major responsibility linking NAEP released assessments in history.

Mark Noonan contributed to the citations for college readiness content in mathematics.

In addition, Farid Khan continues to redesign the online database program to accommodate the expansion of content and resources. For the 5th edition, he contributed to the conception and design of the versioning system, which allows users to identify updates and revisions to benchmarks, knowledge and skill statements, and vocabulary.

Previous Editions

The following individuals contributed to the development of content in previous editions of this work:

Robert Marzano was co-author of all previous editions of Content Knowledge. His contributions were primarily at the level of conceptual design for the standards, benchmarks, and knowledge/skill statements.

Mary Lee Barton shared major responsibility for an earlier revision of standards and benchmarks in the English language arts.

Heidi Hoopes shared major responsibility for an earlier revision of standards and benchmarks in technology.

Bradley Kennedy shared major responsibility for the initial identification of standards and benchmarks in world history, for draft standards in foreign language, and for the verification of standards in the arts.

Laura Lloyd shared major responsibility for citation updates of standards and benchmarks in physical education, health education, behavioral studies, and the arts.

Jessica Logan shared major responsibility for the identification of standards and benchmarks in technology and for the revision of standards and benchmarks in foreign language and life skills.

Biaze Miller shared major responsibility for the performance expectations in grades K–5 language arts, and for the development of topics and knowledge/skill statements in business education.

Jennifer Norford shared major responsibility for the identification of standards and benchmarks in economics and behavioral studies, and for the revision of standards and benchmarks in mathematics.

Audrey Peralez contributed to the initial identification of standards and benchmarks in geography.

Therese Sarah shared major responsibility for the initial identification of standards and benchmarks in U.S. history and K-4 history, for draft standards in economics, and assisted in the identification of the geography benchmarks.

Michael Schintgen shared major responsibility for the revision of standards and benchmarks in mathematics.

Michael Shea shared major responsibility for the identification of standards and benchmarks in civics.

Angela Wahlquist shared major responsibility for the revision of standards and benchmarks in science.

The contributions that these individuals have made to this study cannot be overstated.

The authors would also like to thank the following individuals for their initial reviews of various national reports and documents: Tom Barlow, Sandy Berger, Jan Birmingham, Linda Brannan, Susan Everson, Joan Grady, Toni Haas, Bob Keller, Fran Mayeski, Barbara McCombs, Joann Sebastian-Morris, Diane Paynter, Sylvia Parker, Jerome Stiller, Jo Sue Whisler, and Terry Young. Farid Khan implemented a new database design for the 4th edition, expanding the capacity for current and future enhancements. Barb Gaddy provided editorial support. Carol Loredo assisted with word processing. Thanks also to David Frost, Shae Isaacs, Linda Brannan, Brad Wherry, and Peter Lund who assisted in the production, design, and distribution of previous updates in print and electronic media.

Others have also supported this effort through their thoughtful discussions of issues raised in this report. The authors would like to thank C. L. Hutchins, Alice Krueger, Debra Pickering, and Janie Pollock especially, among many others.