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Thinking and Reasoning
 Standard 2.Understands and applies basic principles of logic and reasoning
  Level IV [Grade 9-12]
   Benchmark 10
Understands that logic may be of limited help in finding solutions to problems if the general rules upon which conclusions are based do not always hold true; most often, we have to deal with probabilities rather than certainties
    Knowledge/skill statement 2
Knows that most often in problem-solving one has to deal with probabilities rather than certainties
    
Citation reference
BD = benchmark, declarative
BP = benchmark, procedural
BC = benchmark, contextual
K = Knowledge
S = Skill
P = Performance

1st letter/number of each code in parentheses:
2   Project 2061: Benchmarks for Science Literacy
A   CNAEA: National Standards for Arts Education
AC   Achieve: American Diploma Project College and Workplace Readiness Benchmarks
BW   NLWC: Blueprint for Life/Work Designs
C   CCE: National Standards for Civics and Government
E   NCTE: Democracy Through Language
F   ACTFL: Standards for Foreign Language Learning
FC   Wisconsin: Model Academic Standard for Family and Consumer Education
G   GESP: National Geography Standards
H   JHESC: National Health Education Standards
I   ITAC: Core Integrated Technical & Academic Competencies for Career-Focused Education
M   NCTM: Curriculum & Evaluation Standards for Mathematics
MC   Michigan: Career and Employability Skills
NH   NCHS: National Standards for History: Basic Edition
NS   NRC: National Science Education Standards
O   Oregon: Alignment of the Career and Life Role Common Curriculum Goals with Career-Related Learning Standards
P   NASPE: National Standards for Physical Education
PS   NCTM: Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
S   SCANS: Report for America 2000
S4S   AAU: Standards for Success
SP1   NCTE: Standards in Practice: K-2
SP2   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 3-5
SP3   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 6-8
SP4   NCTE: Standards in Practice: 9-12
SS   NCSS: Curriculum Standards for Social Studies
T1   Tennessee: Career Connections Standards
T2   Tennessee: Success Skills through Service Learning Standards
T3   Tennessee: Family and Consumer Sciences Standards
T4   Tennessee: Teen Living Standards
T5   Tennessee: Adult Living Standards
UC   ICAS: Academic Literacy: A Statement of Competencies Expected of Students Entering California’s Public Colleges and Universities
V   Vermont: Framework of Standards and Learning Opportunities
W   Carnevale: Workplace Basics

2nd letter code :
E = Explicitly stated in document
I = Implicit in document

Number:
Page number of the cited document